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Salinity is the percentage of  dissolved salt or a measure of  the saltiness of  water. All water contains some amount of salt, but if  the salt level is high,  the water cannot be used for irrigation and many other applications . The salinity is usually caused by the salt ions - Na+ , K+, Ca2+ , Mg2+  and Cl- . However  Sodium Chloride (NaCl) molecules are usually the most common cause of  soil salinity.

Water is classified based on the salt concentration as

1. Fresh water - salt concentration is less than 0.05% , used for irrigation, drinking water and most applications

2. Brackish water - salt concentration is between 0.05-3% , this water is found in marshy and arid areas. Some plants can grow in soil irrigated with this water

3. Saline water - salt concentration between 3-5%, found in coastal and desert areas

4. Brine - salt level is more than 5%, used for preserving food .